MicroRNAs in Medicine

MicroRNAs in Medicine provides an access point into the current literature on microRNA for both scientists and clinicians, with an up-to-date look at what is happening in the emerging field of microRNAs and their relevance to medicine. Each chapter is a comprehensive review, with descriptions of the latest microRNA research written by international leaders in their field. Opening with an introduction to what microRNAs are and how they function, the book goes on to explore the role of microRNAs in normal physiological functions, infectious diseases, non-infectious diseases, cancer, circulating microRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers, and finally their potential as novel therapeutics. Including background information on the field as well as reviews of the latest research breakthroughs, MicroRNAs in Medicine is a one-stop source of information to satisfy the specialists and non-specialists alike, appealing to students, researchers, and clinicians interested in understanding the potential of microRNAs in medicine and research. CONTENTS 1 MICRORNAS: A BRIEF INTRODUCTION 1 Charles H. Lawrie PART I: MICRORNAS AS PHYSIOLOGICAL REGULATORS 25 2 MICRORNA REGULATION OF STEM CELL FATE AND REPROGRAMMING 27 Erika Lorenzo Vivas, Gustavo Tiscornia, and Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte 3 MICRORNAS AS REGULATORS OF IMMUNITY 41 Donald T. Gracias and Peter D. Katsikis 4 REGULATION OF SENESCENCE BY MICRORNAS 59 Ioannis Grammatikakis and Myriam Gorospe 5 THE EMERGENCE OF GEROMIRS: A GROUP OF MICRORNAS IMPLICATED IN AGING 77 Alejandro P. Ugalde, Agnieszka Kwarciak, Xurde M. Caravia, Carlos López-Otín, and Andrew J. Ramsay 6 MICRORNAS AND HEMATOPOIESIS 91 Sukhinder K. Sandhu and Ramiro Garzon 7 MICRORNAS IN PLATELET PRODUCTION AND ACTIVATION 101 Leonard C. Edelstein, Srikanth Nagalla, and Paul F. Bray PART II: MICRORNAS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASE: HOST–PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS 117 8 MICRORNAS AS KEY PLAYERS IN HOST-VIRUS INTERACTIONS 119 Aurélie Fender and Sébastien Pfeffer 9 MICRORNA EXPRESSION IN AVIAN HERPESVIRUSES 137 Yongxiu Yao and Venugopal Nair 10 FUNCTION OF HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS MICRORNAS AND POTENTIAL ROLES IN LATENCY 153 Natalie L. Reynolds, Jon A. Pavelin, and Finn E. Grey 11 INVOLVEMENT OF SMALL NON-CODING RNA IN HIV-1 INFECTION 165 Guihua Sun, John J. Rossi, and Daniela Castanotto 12 MICRORNA IN MALARIA 183 Panote Prapansilp and Gareth D.H. Turner PART III: CANCER 199 13 THE MICRORNA DECALOGUE OF CANCER INVOLVEMENT 201 Tanja Kunej, Irena Godnic, Minja Zorc, Simon Horvat, and George A. Calin 14 MICRORNAS AS ONCOGENES AND TUMOR SUPPRESSORS 223 Eva E. Rufi no-Palomares, Fernando J. Reyes-Zurita, Jose Antonio Lupiáñez, and Pedro P. Medina 15 LONG NON-CODING RNAS AND THEIR ROLES IN CANCER 245 Yolanda Sánchez and Maite Huarte 16 REGULATION OF HYPOXIA RESPONSES BY MICRORNA EXPRESSION 267 Carme Camps, Adrian L. Harris, and Jiannis Ragoussis 17 CONTROL OF RECEPTOR FUNCTION BY MICRORNAS IN BREAST CANCER 287 Claudia Piovan and Marilena V. Iorio 18 MICRORNAS IN HUMAN PROSTATE CANCER: FROM PATHOGENESIS TO THERAPEUTIC IMPLICATIONS 311 Mustafa Ozen and Omer Faruk Karatas 19 MICRORNA SIGNATURES AS BIOMARKERS OF COLORECTAL CANCER 329 Katrin Pfütze, Xiaoya Luo, and Barbara Burwinkel 20 GENETIC VARIATIONS IN MICRORNA-ENCODING SEQUENCES AND MICRORNA TARGET SITES ALTER LUNG CANCER SUSCEPTIBILITY AND SURVIVAL 343 Ming Yang and Dongxin Lin 21 MICRORNA IN MYELOPOIESIS AND MYELOID DISORDERS 353 Sara E. Meyer and H. Leighton Grimes 22 MICRORNA DEREGULATION BY ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION IN ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA 371 Xabier Agirre and Felipe Prósper 23 ROLE OF MIRNAS IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA 383 Veronica Balatti, Yuri Pekarsky, Lara Rizzotto, and Carlo M. Croce 24 MICRORNA IN B-CELL NON-HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMA: DIAGNOSTIC MARKERS AND THERAPEUTIC TARGETS 403 Nerea Martínez, Lorena Di Lisio, and Miguel Angel Piris 25 MICRORNAS IN DIFFUSE LARGE B-CELL LYMPHOMA 419 Izidore S. Lossos and Alvaro J. Alencar 26 THE ROLE OF MICRORNAS IN HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMA 435 Wouter Plattel, Joost Kluiver, Arjan Diepstra, Lydia Visser, and Anke van den Berg 27 MICRORNA EXPRESSION IN CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMAS 449 Cornelis P. Tensen PART IV: HEREDITARY AND OTHER NON-INFECTIOUS DISEASES 463 28 MICRORNAS AND HEREDITARY DISORDERS 465 Matías Morín and Miguel A. Moreno-Pelayo 29 MICRORNAS AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES 477 Koh Ono 30 MICRORNAS AND DIABETES 495 Romano Regazzi 31 MICRORNAS IN LIVER DISEASES 509 Patricia Munoz-Garrido, Marco Marzioni, Elizabeth Hijona, Luis Bujanda, and Jesus M. Banales 32 MICRORNA REGULATION IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS 523 Andreas Junker 33 THE ROLE OF MICRORNAS IN ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE 539 Shahar Barbash and Hermona Soreq 34 CURRENT VIEWS ON THE ROLE OF MICRORNAS IN PSYCHOSIS 553 Aoife Kearney, Javier A. Bravo, and Timothy G. Dinan PART V: CIRCULATING MICRORNAS AS CELLULAR MESSENGERS AND NOVEL BIOMARKERS 567 35 CIRCULATING MICRORNAS AS NON-INVASIVE BIOMARKERS 569 Heidi Schwarzenbach and Klaus Pantel 36 CIRCULATING MICRORNAS AS CELLULAR MESSENGERS 589 Kasey C. Vickers 37 RELEASE OF MICRORNA-CONTAINING VESICLES CAN STIMULATE ANGIOGENESIS AND METASTASIS IN RENAL CARCINOMA 607 Federica Collino, Cristina Grange, and Giovanni Camussi PART VI: THERAPEUTIC USES OF MICRORNAS: CURRENT PERSPECTIVES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 623 38 MICRORNA REGULATION OF CANCER STEM CELLS AND MICRORNAS AS POTENTIAL CANCER STEM CELL THERAPEUTICS 625 Can Liu and Dean G. Tang 39 THERAPEUTIC MODULATION OF MICRORNAS 639 Achim Aigner and Hannelore Dassow 40 LOCKED NUCLEIC ACIDS AS MICRORNA THERAPEUTICS 663 Henrik Ørum